A large multisite U.S. study found that cervical motion tenderness as a minimum clinical criterion increases the sensitivity of the CDC diagnostic criteria from 83% to 95%. No single test has adequate sensitivity and specificity to diagnose pelvic inflammatory disease.
PID may produce tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA) and extend to produce pelvic peritonitis and Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (perihepatitis).
In addition, a partially blocked or slightly damaged fallopian tube may cause a fertilized egg to remain in the fallopian tube. If this fertilized egg begins to grow in the tube as if it were in the uterus, it is called an ectopic pregnancy. As it grows, an ectopic pregnancy can rupture the fallopian tube causing severe pain, internal bleeding, and even death.
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